1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
  

(  - II:      )
 :      : 75
:               
  
1.        
2.  '  :
(i)     
(ii)   
(iii)   
(iv)    
3.     ?        -  
  
4.    ?  ,       
5.         
6.           
2
Easy2Siksha
7.        ?    '   
8.       '   
GNDU  -2021
  

(  - II:      )
 :      : 75
:               
  
1.        
:   
        ,       

             ,     
,       
        
               
 
    
   '                
    :
1.  :        
2.  :   , ,       
  -   
3
Easy2Siksha
1.  
        99% 
     '
 
 :
 (78%)
o         ,      78%
 
o        ,       
 ,         
      
o    ,       
   '  
 
 (21%)
o        ,      21%  
o       
 

     
 ,            
          ,  
  
 
o       
 ,     

 (0.93%)
o       ,       
 

o      ,       , 
-   
2.  
             ' 
 
      :
   (0-4%)
o            
     ,    '  
  ,          
  
4
Easy2Siksha
o           ,  , 
    
 
o        ,     
  
     
  (0.04%)
o   (CO₂)  '       
       ,    

o      , CO₂    '  
 ,  
       
  
           
o CO₂           
 (O₃)
o       ,     

,      ()     
  ,  '         
,            
o   ',      
     
   
 
 (CH₄)
o      ,     
    ,       
 
o              
(   )        
  (N₂O)
o             ,    
 ,     
  
o , ,            
      


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Easy2Siksha
- 
  ,             '   
     :
  
o     ,       
    
 
o               
         
 
 
o          
 , 
   
  
o   ,          
 ,         
  
o             
 
      
      
          
 :
1.  (0-12 ..)
o        
 ,       

o        75%  ,    
,     
2.  (12-50 )
o       ,      
3.  (50-85 ..)
o    ,        
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Easy2Siksha
4.  (85-600 )
o         ,        

5.  (600   )
o     -      ,    
       
  
          ,    
    ,        
  (, )        , 
        (     
 )  ,        
   
1.     :         
,         '   
2.    :       
           
3.    :   UV      
 
4.   :      
 ,      

 ,            ,   
           
  
            " "   
                
 ,

             
         
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2.  '  :
(i)     
(ii)   
(iii)   
(iv)    
: (i)     
       
  ,    , ,   
 '        ,    -   
 
           
 
 ,  
            
,  
                
       , ,  (, , ),   ,
      
:  ,         ,     , 
             
   ,   ' 30           
  
             ' 
    ,       ,    
        
:           
   
,    ,        
  :
1.  :    ;     
2. :     ;     
 
3. s:       ; 30       
 
(ii)   
 "  "   
   '    
 

      ,             
 
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:,   1,000  (  150    1 
)  6.5        
 '   
   ,       , ,     
   
:    ' 30   ,     1,000  
 23.5     ,        
   :
    ,    '         
  
   '       
 , 
 
 :
 
 (   300  )   (     2,200  
 ' ),     35   ,      20
    
(iii)   
               
- '            
    
     :
      :
1.     (     ) 
2. -  (     ) 
3.      2  
:
:
       38°C   - 28°C ,     :
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  
:
           ,  
,          
   :
               
, 
         
(iv)    
                   
              -  
     :
1.           
2.          
3.           
:
:
 :
o  (   )    40    
o  (   )    10    
   =40°C−10°C=30°
    :
 ,   ,      ( 78  ) 

    ,       
   :
   ,   ,   (3035°C)   

         
     :
1.        ( ,  , , )
2.        ( ,    
      )
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3.    ,           
   

               
                
           
 '     
              
  ,              
    ,   ,        
          
3.     ?        -  
  
:             
                
   ,       '       
 
   ,      ,  
      
          -       
  ,      
    
 ,  
     ,  
     
   , 
       ,     

 
      .        
     (mb)     (Hg)     
    ',      1013     29.92 
 
      
1. :  
 '             
 
   ( )     
   ,    
   
o :    ',    ,    
       
 
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Easy2Siksha
2. :       ,        
     ,  
 
o : , 
 -      
  ,     -     

 
3. :   (     )       
,            
     
 
  
    ,  
  '       
  -       -      


 ,           
          
     
      ,         
 '  
                
  ,     ,     ,     
          :
1.   -  ()
:  (5°N  S)  -   
:   '            

 
    ,        
:
o         
o    '       
   
     ,  "" 
2.  - 
: 30°N  30°S  -  
:                
30°  -,  -   
 ,  '   
:
o        
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o  ,    ,    
   
  
 
3.   - 
: 60°N  60°S  -  
:        -    ,  
    ,      
:
o      
o            

4.  - 
: (90°N  90°S)  -   
:         
 ,  
  
:
o     ,     
   
 ?
                
   ,   
 ,           
       -     -     
  ,    ( )      

      ,    
 ,     
    
 
    
          
   :
  -    -     , 
 
 
 -    - -    ,  
 
 
              
 ,           
 
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Easy2Siksha
    
      -       :
"" ( ) ',       ,      
    
"" () ,     ,    ,  


"  " ()  ,         

      
1.     :    -    
         ,    


2.    :  - -   
,       
 
3.    :          
 -          

    -   
       
        
;     
               
       ,       '   
              
 , 
             
            
4.    ?  ,       
:  : ,     
   -:
        
     ,
   '         ,     
,                ,  
  ,     ,     
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Easy2Siksha
        ,          

  
   :
1.  :         
,  ,          ( 
,    )  ,    ,  
 (CO2),   (SO2),   
    (NOx),    (PM)      
        ,         
:         CO2  SO2    , 
 
       
2.   :, ,          
        ,     (CO),
  (NOx),  (HC),      
             
 , 
   
:      ,         
                
3.  :        
 ,   
   -   (NH3)      ,  
-  ,   '      ,    
      
:              
 
 ,           
4.   :         
 ,            ,  
  CO2      ,        '
             
  
:   , -         CO2 
    
 
5.  :          

        , ,    
            , 
       
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Easy2Siksha
:      ,          
    -  ,        
6.  :         ,    
  
   ,        
, ,      ,     '   
         
 
:1980  
          
,         '     
   :
1.  :             '  
  (CO),   (NOx),    (PM) 
      , ,      
                
,            
:     ,      ,  
              '  
2.  :         CO2 
       
 ,  
           ,   
        
    ,
  (    )       
    
 ,     
:    
     
 
 ,              
 
3.     :              
  (NOx)     (VOCs)   
     ,   
    
  
          '    
          
:    ,     ,   '  
 ,             
 
4.  :    '       
 (SO2)    (NOx)     
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   ,  ,        
 
 
      ,    
       
:     ,  
     
 ,               
5.   :            , 
       ()  ,  
  '           '   
      
:2015 ,    4.2           
    ,            
     :
1.     :         
         CNG (  )  
  
          
            
 
:              
      
2.  :         
           ,
      ,      
    
:            
   ,         
3.     :         
              
          (  
    )    (     
   ,  )    
:             
  '       
4.  :        '  
    ,            
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Easy2Siksha
,         - 
          
:            
'    
 ,       
5.    :  -     '  
             
            
-           
: ,            
           (AQI)  

6.  :
       , , 
-            
     
        
:          '    
       ,        
:
           '    
        '       ,  
 ,   ,    ,      

      ,    ,    
   ,  ,  ,     
,             
  
5.         
:     
           
  
  , ,    ,       -
 ,             
   
   ,      -  
        , 
     
  -    
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Easy2Siksha
     ?
       ,           
   '   ""       '     
           ,     
       -         : 
,  ,  ,     
    
    -   -         
  
    :
1.  :    ,          
      -           
                ""  
 .            
   
     ,        
    
2.  :    ,       
               
              
 
    '      ,    - 
 .
3.   :   ,      ,   
                 
           
     
        
  
       
  
   ,       -
 '    :
1. -   
         -     
                 
         -   ,     
     , 
  
  -   -
  ,          
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Easy2Siksha
         ,      
    
         ,  
      
2.  
   ',      ,       
 ,               
4,000  6,000         ""    
  ,
                 
     ,         
3.   
             ,     11,000
               
              
         ,   10,994     
     
        
            
4. 
  

                 

                
  
      ,       -
 
           -  
             

 
5.      
  ,      ,         
               
          -        -
   ,   
    ' 
     
      
 
6.      
           ,
  ,   
,     '     
 "  "    ,        
          -    ,
20
Easy2Siksha
              

 
        
       
  -   
     ,    :
  :           
        ( ),      
( ),         (  ) 
 ,     
 
  :   '    
, 
  -         
:   ,           
          
    :    ,       
,        ,   
 

             , 
, -  ,   
   ,  
      
     ,  
,  ,           
               
  -             
 
6.           
:     ,       
             
    ,     ,   -  
              
   ,               
      
21
Easy2Siksha
    
    
            -
     
 ,     , - 
                
 ,      -   -  ' -  
1.   :       
   
 :
o  (   ):       '   
          ,     
  ,    ,    ( 
) ,        ,     
 ,            
        
o :            ,
    ,     ,    ,  
   ,        ,  
      
 
o : 
            
      ,       
      

  (  
        )    ,     
 
o   :  (    ' )  
     ,       
         ,      
       ,      
',      '   (    
 ),        
2.   :           
           
 ,    
         ,   
              

 ,        ,      
  
22
Easy2Siksha
    
         
     ' 
 (ppt)     ,  
      1    
  ,     35 ppt   ,    
       35    
1.   :  ,     -  :
o   :        ( 
  ),     
      
     ,     (  ) , 
   
      
o   :          , 
    
      
  ,           
        
o  :  ,    ',   ' 
    ,         ,
          
 
o   :-         
 
   ,      

   -      ,   
       
2.   :    -    
,    ,          
              
   ,    ,       ,  
                 ,
         
  ,            
           ,    
  (    )   (  ,      
  )          -    
 
     
      
;         
     ,        ,  
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Easy2Siksha
              ,  
     ,              
  ,       
 :
:            
     ,      
:              
            
       ,           
 
-  
 :          
   
         
 ,     
   
  :  ,      
   
       ,        ,
          ,   
   
 :    ,       
                
      

 ,              
    ,   ,         
  -       ,     
 ,   ,    ,       
    ,           ,
        
    
            '  
     
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7.        ?    '   
:     
     , -     ,   
  ,          
          ,   '  , 
   ,   ,        
         
 
    ?
                 
     ,            
                
, 
              , 
        ,           
 
    '        :     
 
1.  
          400    ,     ' 
            ,  
  
   ,                
         ,  ,     
           
    '        ,      
     ,          :
  
  
  
  
  
    ,           
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2.     ( )
   ,       ,     
              ,   
            
  "" ()  "" ()   ,   
    
        
       ,          
 ,          ,        
  ,             ,    
               
        
      
         :
1.   :            
         ,      
       ,       
  
2.  : ,    ,     
         ,    
   ,     ,      
               
  ,        
3.   :         
         ,       
    ,          
 ,  
      
4.    ( ):    ,   
              ,
         
5. :        
 
       ,      , 
    
6.     :         
               
       
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Easy2Siksha
        
1.  :             
   ,         ,   
             ,   
            
,    ,   '  ,     
     '         
 
2.  :     ',      
                ' 
 
           
 
3.  :    -    ,   
               
       ,         

4.   :     -    
 - ,            
            

              
     
5.  : ,       ,   
                -
     '     
    
1.  :            
       ,      
,           
2.    :            
      '   
 ,    
     
3. :   ',      '   
              ,
  -  
4.   :        
       ,   ,   
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       , , ,     
      
5.   :            

       ,         , 
          

               ,
  ,             ,
  ,      ,     
               
,            
  
8.       '  
:     :   
   -      
    
               
        
    , 
 
    -  ,   ,   ,   
  ,          
   (  )
 ,           ,   
   ,           
   ,       ,      
                
-        
    
1. Phytoplankton: ,         ,  
  ,         
      ,        
           ,   
     
 
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2. :  ,            
            :
o  :   '         
       
o  :           '  
    -   ,      

           
o  :   ' ,        -
  ,           
  
3.   :             
     ,   '       

      ,   
 ,   
             
  
4. :              
              
       ,      
           
        
   (  )
 -     
       , 
            ,     -  
,        ' -      
    
1. : ,             
    :
o Phytoplankton:     ,   -   
          
  
         
o :  -       
       ( 
  ) 
     ,       
   
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2. :                
  -     
      
  :
o    :          
      ,     
o    :   '      ,  
  ,   ,        
   
3. :         
 
      :
o : , 
, 
,      
             
          
o :  , , ,      
         ,  ,  , 
     
 
o :    ,      
 - ,         ,
  ',      ,     
     
4. 
    :           :
o   :         
    '     '      

o   :,         ' 
             , 
 ,   ,        
5. :  -         
  :
o :               
 :  ,        ,   
,       
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o :  ,         
            
  
o     :  pinnipeds (-  )   
             
     
       
1.  :          ,  
          ,  , 
    ,   ,     ,  
 -        
2.  :  ,   ' ,    
        ,    
          50%  
 
3.  :,          
     
        
,      
 
4.  :             ,   
            
         ,   ,   

   -     ,  ,    
       
 ,     , 
    ,           
           , ,   
            
             
               
:      Ai       ( )       
        , 
  '         